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/Author (Li Na Zhao, Lanyuan Lu, Lock Yue Chew)
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/Keywords (Alzheimer's disease; amyloid peptide; amyloid oligomer; tau protein; A variants; A polymorphism; pyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta peptides )
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/Subject (The single-mutation of genes associated with Alzheimer's disease \(AD\) increases the production of A peptides. An elevated concentration of A peptides is prone to aggregation into oligomers and further deposition as plaque. A plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are two hallmarks of AD. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the diverses sources that could lead to AD, which include genetic origins, A peptides and tau protein. We shall discuss on tau protein and tau accumulation, which result in neurofibrillary tangles. We detail the mechanisms of A aggregation, fibril formation and its polymorphism. We then show the possible links between A and tau pathology. Furthermore, we summarize the structural data of A and its precursor protein obtained via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance \(NMR\) or X-ray crystallography. At the end, we go through the C-terminal and N-terminal truncated A variants. We wish to draw reader's attention to two predominant and toxic A species, namely A4-42 and pyroglutamate amyloid-beta peptides, which have been neglected for more than a decade and may be crucial in A pathogenesis due to their dominant presence in the AD brain. [12pt] )
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application/pdf
Li Na Zhao, Lanyuan Lu, Lock Yue Chew
and Yuguang Mu
The single-mutation of genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the production of A peptides. An elevated concentration of A peptides is prone to aggregation into oligomers and further deposition as plaque. A plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are two hallmarks of AD. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the diverses sources that could lead to AD, which include genetic origins, A peptides and tau protein. We shall discuss on tau protein and tau accumulation, which result in neurofibrillary tangles. We detail the mechanisms of A aggregation, fibril formation and its polymorphism. We then show the possible links between A and tau pathology. Furthermore, we summarize the structural data of A and its precursor protein obtained via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) or X-ray crystallography. At the end, we go through the C-terminal and N-terminal truncated A variants. We wish to draw reader's attention to two predominant and toxic A species, namely A4-42 and pyroglutamate amyloid-beta peptides, which have been neglected for more than a decade and may be crucial in A pathogenesis due to their dominant presence in the AD brain. [12pt]
Alzheimer's Disease—A Panorama Glimpse
Alzheimer's disease
amyloid
peptide
amyloid
oligomer
tau protein
A variants
A polymorphism
pyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta peptides
2014-07-16T17:19:52+08:00
LaTeX with hyperref package
2014-07-16T17:20:41+08:00
2014-07-16T17:20:41+08:00
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid peptide; amyloid oligomer; tau protein; A variants; A polymorphism; pyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta peptides
pdfTeX-1.40.13
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This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.4-1.40.13 (TeX Live 2012/W32TeX) kpathsea version 6.1.0
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