Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/88017
Title: Role of calcium ions on the removal of haloacetic acids from swimming pool water by nanofiltration: mechanisms and implications
Authors: Yang, Linyan
Zhou, Jin
She, Qianhong
Wan, Man Pun
Wang, Rong
Chang, Victor Wei-Chung
Tang, Chuyang Y.
Keywords: Haloacetic Acids
Membranes
Issue Date: 2016
Source: Yang, L., Zhou, J., She, Q., Wan, M. P., Wang, R., & Chang, V. W.-C. (2016). Role of calcium ions on the removal of haloacetic acids from swimming pool water by nanofiltration: mechanisms and implications. Water Research, 110, 332-341.
Series/Report no.: Water Research
Abstract: We investigated the removal of haloacetic acids (HAAs) from swimming pool waters (SPWs) by two nanofiltration membranes NF270 and NF90. The strong matrix effect (particularly by Ca2+) on membrane rejection prompts us to systematically investigate the mechanistic role of Ca2+ in HAA rejection. At typical SPW pH of 7.5, NF90 maintained consistently high rejection of HAAs (>95%) with little influence by Ca2+, thanks to the dominance of size exclusion effect for this tight membrane (pore radius ∼ 0.31 nm). In contrast, the rejections of both inorganic ions (e.g., Na+ and Cl−) and HAA anions were decreased at higher Ca2+ concentration for NF270 (pore radius ∼ 0.40 nm). Further tests show that the rejection of neutral hydrophilic molecular probes and the membrane pore size were not affected by Ca2+. Although Ca2+ is unable to form strong complex with HAAs, we observed the binding of Ca2+ to NF270 together with a reduction in its surface charge. Therefore, the formation of membrane-Ca2+ complex, which weakens charge interaction effect, was responsible for the reduced HAA rejection. The current study reveals important mechanistic insights of the matrix effect on trace contaminant rejection, which is critical for a better understanding of their fate and removal in membrane-based treatment.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/88017
http://hdl.handle.net/10220/44515
ISSN: 0043-1354
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.040
Schools: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 
Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS) 
Organisations: Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre
Research Centres: Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute 
Singapore Membrane Technology Centre 
Rights: © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. This is the author created version of a work that has been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by Water Research, Elsevier Ltd. It incorporates referee’s comments but changes resulting from the publishing process, such as copyediting, structural formatting, may not be reflected in this document. The published version is available at: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.040].
Fulltext Permission: open
Fulltext Availability: With Fulltext
Appears in Collections:CEE Journal Articles
IGS Journal Articles
MAE Journal Articles
NEWRI Journal Articles

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