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      Stratigraphic control of frontal décollement level and structural vergence and implications for tsunamigenic earthquake hazard in Sumatra, Indonesia

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      Stratigraphic control of frontal décollement level and structural vergence and implications for tsunamigenic earthquake hazard in Sumatra, Indonesia.pdf (6.480Mb)
      Author
      Bradley, Kyle
      Qin, Yanfang
      Carton, Hélène
      Hananto, Nugroho
      Villanueva‐Robles, Fernando
      Leclerc, Fréderique
      Shengji, Wei
      Tapponier, Paul
      Sieh, Kerry
      Singh, Satish
      Date of Issue
      2019
      School
      Asian School of the Environment
      Research Centre
      Earth Observatory of Singapore
      Version
      Published version
      Abstract
      Propagation of fault rupture to the seafloor is a likely cause of enhanced tsunami generation during megathrust earthquakes. New, high‐resolution seismic reflection profiles and swath bathymetry collected across the northern limit of the Mw 7.8, 25 October 2010 Mentawai tsunami earthquake rupture reveal significant and systematic lateral variations in both the stratigraphic level of the frontal Sunda megathrust and the vergence of its frontal ramp faults. Where ramp faults are uniformly seaward vergent, the décollement resides on top of a strong reflector marking the inferred top of pelagic sediments. Where ramp faults are bivergent (both landward and seaward), the décollement is localized within the subducting clastic sequence, above a xseismically transparent unit inferred to be distal fan muds. Where ramp faults are uniformly landward vergent, the décollement is directly on top of the oceanic crust of the subducting Investigator Fracture Zone. Enhanced surface uplift and tsunamigenesis during the 2010 tsunamigenic earthquake appear to have coincided with propagation of rupture into frontal areas with well‐developed structural bivergence. Frontal bivergence is a geological signal of low basal traction during accrual of slip, and offshore of Sumatra this structural style may mark areas of enhanced tsunami hazard posed by small‐magnitude, shallow megathrust ruptures that propagate into the incoming terrigenous sequence at near‐trench levels.
      Subject
      Subduction
      Tsunami
      DRNTU::Science::Geology
      Type
      Journal Article
      Series/Journal Title
      Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
      Rights
      © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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      http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GC008025
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