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      Persistent elastic behavior above a megathrust rupture patch : Nias island, West Sumatra

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      Persistent elastic behavior above a megathrust rupture patch Nias island, West Sumatra.pdf (2.585Mb)
      Author
      Briggs, Richard W.
      Sieh, Kerry
      Amidon, William H.
      Galetzka, John
      Prayudi, Dudi
      Suprihanto, Imam
      Sastra, Nugraha
      Suwargadi, Bambang W.
      Natawidjaja, Danny H.
      Farr, Thomas G.
      Date of Issue
      2008
      Version
      Published version
      Abstract
      We quantify fore-arc deformation using fossil reefs to test the assumption commonly made in seismic cycle models that anelastic deformation of the fore arc is negligible. Elevated coral microatolls, paleoreef flats, and chenier plains show that the Sumatran outer arc island of Nias has experienced a complex pattern of relatively slow long-term uplift and subsidence during the Holocene epoch. This same island rose up to 2.9 m during the Mw 8.7 Sunda megathrust rupture in 2005. The mismatch between the 2005 and Holocene uplift patterns, along with the overall low rates of Holocene deformation, reflects the dominance of elastic strain accumulation and release along this section of the Sunda outer arc high and the relatively subordinate role of upper plate deformation in accommodating long-term plate convergence. The fraction of 2005 uplift that will be retained permanently is generally <4% for sites that experienced more than 0.25 m of coseismic uplift. Average uplift rates since the mid-Holocene range from 1.5 to −0.2 mm/a and are highest on the eastern coast of Nias, where coseismic uplift was nearly zero in 2005. The pattern of long-term uplift and subsidence is consistent with slow deformation of Nias along closely spaced folds in the north and trenchward dipping back thrusts in the southeast. Low Holocene tectonic uplift rates provide for excellent geomorphic and stratigraphic preservation of the mid-Holocene relative sea level high, which was under way by ∼7.3 ka and persisted until ∼2 ka.
      Subject
      DRNTU::Science::Geology::Volcanoes and earthquakes
      Type
      Journal Article
      Series/Journal Title
      Journal of geophysical research
      Rights
      © 2008 American Geophysical Union. This paper was published in Journal of Geophysical Research and is made available as an electronic reprint (preprint) with permission of American Geophysical Union. The paper can be found at the following official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005684. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law.
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      http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005684
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