友联社主编对马华文艺和马华身份的影响 ：以白垚为个案 = The influence of editors of the Union Cultural Organizational Limited towards Malaysian Chinese literature and identity : a case study of Bai Yao

Abstract

为从根本上遏制左翼思潮的发展，具有美援资金背景的香港友联社前往新加坡开办分社，引入以白垚（1934-2015）为代表，备受现代主义思潮影响的主编前去马新友联分社编辑出版马来亚本土文艺刊物《蕉风》与《学生周报》等。友联社以推动马华本土文艺发展为名，实为受美援机关亚洲基金会与英殖民政府支持通过文艺刊物宣扬反左翼思想。由于友联社对其美援背景严格保密，加之现代主义思潮成功在马华文坛推行并取代现实主义思潮成为主流，让后人在关注友联时皆着重于其对马华文艺思潮的推动，少有探究其背后内涵。故本文将以友联社成员之一的白垚之著作《缕云起于绿草》和《缕云前书》为主要线索一窥美援势力下的友联社对战后马华文学的发展与影响，再以黄锦树和叶金辉之文学国籍的争论结合友联之意识形态对白垚作家及其作品“马华身份”进行商榷。 During 1950s, in order to uproot the spread of left-wing ideologies, the Union Cultural Organizational Limited of Hong Kong had established a branch in Singapore which was secretly financed by the United States financial aid. The Union Organizational Limited of Singapore had gathered some editors that affected by Modernism, represented by Bai Yao(1934-2015) to work on local Malaya’s literary periodicals such as Chao Foon and Student Weekly. Through these publications, anti-left-wing ideologies were publicized under the disguise of boosting Malaysian Chinese local literature, ultimately modernism even successfully took over realism as the mainstream ideology. Throughout this period, the Union Cultural organizational Limited hide its financial and political support from the American-backed Asia Foundation, as well as British colonial government. The huge success and contributions of the Union contributed to the ideology of Malaysian Chinese Literature as the current main focus of literature instead of its American-backed background. Based on Bai Yao’s works as the core publications of the organization, which are Lu Yun Qi Yu Lu Cao (Wisp of Cloud that Transcends the Grass) and Lu Yun Qian Shu (Prologue of Wisping Cloud), the aim of this thesis is to study the influence of the American-backed Union Organizational Limited towards the post-World War II Malaysian Chinese Literature. Furthermore, by combining the ideological sphere of the Union Organizational Limited and a debate of Literary Nationality’s theory between Ng Kim Chew and Yap Kim Fai, the Malaysian Chinese identity of Bai Yao and his works will also be analysed.