Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/138225
Title: Realization of a three-dimensional photonic topological insulator
Authors: Yang, Yihao
Gao, Zhen
Xue, Haoran
Zhang, Li
He, Mengjia
Yang, Zhaoju
Singh, Ranjan
Chong, Yidong
Zhang, Baile
Chen, Hongsheng
Keywords: Science::Physics::Optics and light
Issue Date: 2019
Source: Yang, Y., Gao, Z., Xue, H., Zhang, L., He, M., Yang, Z., . . . Chen, H. (2019). Realization of a three-dimensional photonic topological insulator. Nature, 565(7741), 622-626. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0829-0
Journal: Nature
Abstract: Confining photons in a finite volume is highly desirable in modern photonic devices, such as waveguides, lasers and cavities. Decades ago, this motivated the study and application of photonic crystals, which have a photonic bandgap that forbids light propagation in all directions1,2,3. Recently, inspired by the discoveries of topological insulators4,5, the confinement of photons with topological protection has been demonstrated in two-dimensional (2D) photonic structures known as photonic topological insulators6,7,8, with promising applications in topological lasers9,10 and robust optical delay lines11. However, a fully three-dimensional (3D) topological photonic bandgap has not been achieved. Here we experimentally demonstrate a 3D photonic topological insulator with an extremely wide (more than 25 per cent bandwidth) 3D topological bandgap. The composite material (metallic patterns on printed circuit boards) consists of split-ring resonators (classical electromagnetic artificial atoms) with strong magneto-electric coupling and behaves like a ‘weak’ topological insulator (that is, with an even number of surface Dirac cones), or a stack of 2D quantum spin Hall insulators. Using direct field measurements, we map out both the gapped bulk band structure and the Dirac-like dispersion of the photonic surface states, and demonstrate robust photonic propagation along a non-planar surface. Our work extends the family of 3D topological insulators from fermions to bosons and paves the way for applications in topological photonic cavities, circuits and lasers in 3D geometries.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/138225
ISSN: 0028-0836
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0829-0
DOI (Related Dataset): 10.21979/N9/29T8VJ
Schools: School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences 
Organisations: Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies
The Photonics Institute
Rights: © 2019 Springer Nature Limited. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Nature and is made available with permission of Springer Nature Limited.
Fulltext Permission: open
Fulltext Availability: With Fulltext
Appears in Collections:SPMS Journal Articles

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