Robust electric vehicle aggregation for ancillary service provision considering battery aging

Abstract

Introduction of demand response (DR) programs could help improve the overall power system stability, even out energy valleys and also push the prices lower due to the increased competitiveness. Liberalization of electricity markets provides possibilities for load aggregators to schedule consumption and obtain revenue by direct participation in demand response programs. This paper proposes a robust algorithm for aggregation of flexible loads within the same distribution network. Participation in DR programs is investigated considering electric vehicle (EV) located at the same carpark. Battery aging is considered and a utilization compensation scheme is proposed for EV drivers. A robust algorithm based on a receding horizon linear problem is designed for the load aggregator considering EV constraints, price uncertainties, and battery aging.