Efficient and ambient-air-stable solar cell with highly oriented 2D@3D perovskites

Abstract

3D organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have shown great potential in efficient photovoltaic devices. However, the low stability of the 3D perovskite layer and random arrangement of the perovskite crystals hinder its commercialization road. Herein, a highly oriented 2D@3D ((AVA)2PbI4@MAPbI3) perovskite structure combining the advantages of both 2D and 3D perovskite is fabricated through an in situ route. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0% is observed from a 2D@3D perovskite solar cell (PSC), and it also shows significantly enhanced device stability under both inert (90% of initial PCE for 32 d) and ambient conditions (72% of initial PCE for 20 d) without encapsulation. The high efficiency of 18.0% and nearly twofold improvement of device stability in ambient compared with pure 3D PSCs confirm that such 2D@3D perovskite structure is an effective strategy for high performance and increasing stability and thus will enable the timely commercialization of PSCs.