A cinematic reconsideration of Malay identity through a slice of Hikayat film culture

Abstract

Hang Jebat (1961) directed by Hussein Haniff and Seniman Bujang Lapok (1961) directed by P.Ramlee are films which invite a reconsideration of Malay identity through different ways of looking at the Hikayat (feudal Malay epics). Hang Jebat is a film adaptation that refocuses the narrative of Hikayat Hang Tuah to depict Hang Jebat, who is traditionally understood as the antagonist, in a more sympathetic light. Seniman Bujang Lapok is a film that depicts the making of Hikayat films, set in the context of 1961 Singapore. The differences in their plot pattern, characters and eras depicted make it natural to consider them separately. Resisting that temptation, I argue against overlooking the consistencies between them and for constructing an understanding that accommodates them on a common trajectory where what connects them is the drive to challenge and expand discussions about Malay identity.