Development of a mechanically stable human hair keratin film for cell culture

Abstract

An easy-to-handle keratin film was successfully fabricated using solely purified hair keratins. Keratin was extracted from human hair by an existing protocol. The extracted keratin was made into a mechanically stable film by solution casting and air-drying at room temperature. The films obtained were characterized for surface morphology, wettability, protein secondary structures, mechanical properties, permeability, and thermal properties. Interestingly, the keratin film showed distinct surface and cross-sectional morphology, and protein secondary structure transformation. In addition, the keratin film exhibited Young's modulus of 1.05 ± 0.09 GPa when it was dry. In the wet state, the keratin film behaved as viscoelastic material and was highly stretchable at 179 ± 17% strain at break. Permeability test was conducted using 20 kDa-FITC dextran which revealed an anomalous diffusion mechanism through the keratin film. Additionally, the keratin film elicited positive cellular responses by human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) in terms of enhanced cell proliferation, viability, keratin 14 expression, and IL-1α secretion, in comparison to collagen I. Taken together, a human hair keratin-based film with its mechanical and thermal stability, and cytocompatibility, presents a promising platform for cell culture applications.