Grid-responsive battery charging/discharging schedules for multi-objective optimisation of a solar powered building-transportation system

Abstract

Solar-powered building-vehicles systems with multi-diversified battery storage systems can be used to realise renewable self-consumption and economic cost savings by reducing grid purchase. Purchasing lower cost energy to store in battery storage systems during the utility off-peak period and consuming them during the peak period enables savings from the energy cost difference. Further savings can be achieved by reducing excess demand charges. The time at which energy is stored and released is key to managing grid purchases for the lowest net present cost. Using HOMER Grid for the simulation, a charging and discharging schedule was derived. The schedule enables further savings from excess demand charges on top of arbitrage and is recommended for techno-economic performance enhancement.