Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/158622
Title: Towards a systematic survey for carbon neutral data centers
Authors: Cao, Zhiwei
Zhou, Xin
Hu, Han
Wang, Zhi
Wen, Yonggang
Keywords: Engineering::Computer science and engineering
Issue Date: 2022
Source: Cao, Z., Zhou, X., Hu, H., Wang, Z. & Wen, Y. (2022). Towards a systematic survey for carbon neutral data centers. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3161275
Project: NRF2020NRFCG001- 027 
RG96/20 
Journal: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 
Abstract: Data centers are experiencing unprecedented growth as the fourth industrial revolution’s supporting pillars and the engine for the future digitalized world. However, data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8% of global carbon emissions by 2030. Mean- while, both technological and policy instruments for reducing or even neutralizing data center carbon emissions have not been thoroughly investigated, despite the fact that several global cloud providers including Google and Facebook, have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality in their hyperscale data centers. To bridge this gap, this survey paper proposes a roadmap toward carbon-neutral data centers thats take into account both policy instruments and technological methodologies. We begin by presenting the carbon footprint of data centers, as well as some insights into the major sources of carbon emissions. Following that, carbon neutrality plans for major global cloud providers are discussed to summarize current industrial efforts in this direction. In what follows, we introduce the carbon market as a policy instrument to explain how to offset data center carbon emissions in a cost-efficient manner. On the technological front, we propose achieving carbon-neutral data centers by increasing renewable energy penetration, improving energy efficiency, and boosting energy circulation simultaneously. A comprehensive review of existing technologies on these three topics is elaborated subsequently. Based on this, a multi-pronged approach toward carbon neutrality is envisioned and a digital twin-powered industrial artificial intelligence (AI) framework is proposed to make this solution a reality. Furthermore, three key scientific challenges for putting such a framework in place are discussed. Finally, several applications for this framework are presented to demonstrate its enormous potential.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/158622
ISSN: 1553-877X
DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2022.3161275
Schools: School of Computer Science and Engineering 
Rights: © 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The published version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3161275.
Fulltext Permission: open
Fulltext Availability: With Fulltext
Appears in Collections:SCSE Journal Articles

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