Novel optical solitons formed in single mode fiber lasers

Abstract

Solitons are self-trapped nonlinear waves that have been widely studied in various physical systems. In nonlinear optics, the soliton formation in single mode fibers has attracted great research interest owing to their significance to fundamental studies and potential applications in the long-haul communication systems. Mathematically, the soliton propagation in a weakly birefringent single mode fiber laser is governed by coupled Ginzburg Landau Equation (CGLE). Under suitable laser operations, the CGLE can be simplified to coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE). Therefore, fiber lasers have been treated as an ideal testbed for the investigation on both conservative and dissipative types of solitons. Although many types of vector solitons are theoretically studied in fiber lasers, however, due to the strict experimental conditions, many types of vector solitons have not been experimentally confirmed in fiber lasers. Therefore, we believe our studies on vector solitons will significantly enriched the nonlinear wave theories.