Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165012
Title: Fluvial sedimentary response to late quaternary climate and tectonics at the Himalayan frontal thrust, Central Nepal
Authors: Hamahashi, Mari
Hubbard, Judith A.
Almeida, Rafael V.
Haines, Samuel H.
Owen, Lewis A.
Mishra, Sanjita
Sapkota, Soma Nath
Keywords: Engineering::Environmental engineering
Issue Date: 2022
Source: Hamahashi, M., Hubbard, J. A., Almeida, R. V., Haines, S. H., Owen, L. A., Mishra, S. & Sapkota, S. N. (2022). Fluvial sedimentary response to late quaternary climate and tectonics at the Himalayan frontal thrust, Central Nepal. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 23(9). https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010366
Project: NRF-NRFF2013-06 
2019-T1-001- 134 
Journal: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 
Abstract: To investigate the subsurface structure surrounding the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) in central Nepal, we drilled and cored sediments to depths of 45–100 m at 10 sites. Our boreholes were located along previously acquired high-resolution seismic profiles across the MFT imaging the upper 1–2 km of the subsurface, which revealed a beveled erosional surface in the hanging wall above a broad, gentle anticline, as well as growth strata in the footwall. The boreholes exhibit interlayered clays, silts, sands, and gravels, dated with optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon to <72.5 ± 4.3 ka, with a transition from finer to coarser sediments at ∼13.5 ± 0.1 ka. Near the fault tip, the deposits exhibit steeper dips and deformation bands. A 25-m-thick section of silt and clay above the south end of the buried anticline is interpreted as a temporary lacustrine depocenter formed due to uplift near the fault tip. Based on the distribution of marker beds and sediment ages, we interpret a shortening rate of 3.1–12.1 m/ka on the MFT. Three major transitions between fluvial-lacustrine and coarse fluvial channel facies are inferred from the boreholes, and the timings of these transitions correlate with Indian monsoonal intensity variations linked to Earth's precession. We infer that a strengthened monsoon led to increased river discharge and advance of coarse bedload-dominant braided channels, whereas a weak monsoon formed a finer-grained channel environment. These monsoonal climate variations have affected the depositional environment and river base levels in this region, influencing the formation and apparent relative uplift of nearby river terraces.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165012
ISSN: 1525-2027
DOI: 10.1029/2022GC010366
DOI (Related Dataset): 10.21979/N9/LWQXXH
Schools: Asian School of the Environment 
Research Centres: Earth Observatory of Singapore 
Rights: © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Fulltext Permission: open
Fulltext Availability: With Fulltext
Appears in Collections:ASE Journal Articles
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