Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165258
Title: Chromatin liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is regulated by ionic conditions and fiber length
Authors: Chen, Qinming
Zhao, Lei
Soman, Aghil
Arkhipova, Anastasia Yu
Li, Jindi
Li, Hao
Chen, Yinglu
Shi, Xiangyan
Nordenskiöld, Lars
Keywords: Science::Biological sciences
Issue Date: 2022
Source: Chen, Q., Zhao, L., Soman, A., Arkhipova, A. Y., Li, J., Li, H., Chen, Y., Shi, X. & Nordenskiöld, L. (2022). Chromatin liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is regulated by ionic conditions and fiber length. Cells, 11(19), 3145-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11193145
Project: 2018-T1-001-114 
2018-T2-1-112 
MOE 2019-T3-1-012 
Journal: Cells 
Abstract: The dynamic regulation of the physical states of chromatin in the cell nucleus is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Chromatin can exist in solid- or liquid-like forms depending on the surrounding ions, binding proteins, post-translational modifications and many other factors. Several recent studies suggested that chromatin undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and also in vivo; yet, controversial conclusions about the nature of chromatin LLPS were also observed from the in vitro studies. These inconsistencies are partially due to deviations in the in vitro buffer conditions that induce the condensation/aggregation of chromatin as well as to differences in chromatin (nucleosome array) constructs used in the studies. In this work, we present a detailed characterization of the effects of K+, Mg2+ and nucleosome fiber length on the physical state and property of reconstituted nucleosome arrays. LLPS was generally observed for shorter nucleosome arrays (15-197-601, reconstituted from 15 repeats of the Widom 601 DNA with 197 bp nucleosome repeat length) at physiological ion concentrations. In contrast, gel- or solid-like condensates were detected for the considerably longer 62-202-601 and lambda DNA (~48.5 kbp) nucleosome arrays under the same conditions. In addition, we demonstrated that the presence of reduced BSA and acetate buffer is not essential for the chromatin LLPS process. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of several factors regarding chromatin physical states and sheds light on the mechanism and biological relevance of chromatin phase separation in vivo.
URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/165258
ISSN: 2073-4409
DOI: 10.3390/cells11193145
Schools: School of Biological Sciences 
Rights: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
Fulltext Permission: open
Fulltext Availability: With Fulltext
Appears in Collections:SBS Journal Articles

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