Cascading impacts of deforestation to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in the tropical rainforests of Sumatra

Abstract

The Ph.D. thesis systematically explores the adverse effects of tropical deforestation on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. Emphasizing the intricate link between forest conservation and flood prevention, the study reveals a notable increase in flood frequency correlated with heightened precipitation, reduced tree cover, and higher population density, underscoring the significance of preserving forests for environmental sustainability and the welfare of local communities. Focused on human-tiger conflicts (HTC) in the Leuser Ecosystem, the research challenges assumptions about the direct impact of forest clearing on HTC incidents. Instead, it identifies low wild prey occupancy and proximity to human settlements as primary drivers, emphasizing the essential role of safeguarding forested areas to mitigate conflict risks. Delving into the impact of deforestation and forest fragmentation on megafauna populations, the study demonstrates a clear correlation between forest loss and declining species occupancy. These findings underscore the crucial role of tropical rainforest conservation in ensuring the survival of large mammal species and maintaining ecological balance. The thesis provides compelling insights into the multifaceted consequences of deforestation on human well-being and biodiversity, advocating for sustainable land management practices in the Leuser Ecosystem.