Compound droplet impact on a thin hydrophobic cylinder

Abstract

The impact of compound droplets on solid surfaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon that pervades both the natural and technological fields. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the droplet impact on solid surfaces is therefore of paramount importance for a broad range of applications. In this study, we investigate the impact of a water-in-oil compound droplet on a thin hydrophobic cylindrical surface, with regard to the Weber number and cylinder dimensions. Owing to the prewetting effect of the oil, the droplet completely engulfs the cylinder during impact. The ensuing breakups of oil and water engender various unique impact outcomes, which are depicted via a phase map. The phase boundaries are described by analyzing the gravitational and drag forces exerted by the cylinder. A threshold value of the Weber number is found beyond which its effect on the azimuthal spreading process becomes less obvious. The distinctive axial spreading processes of oil and water are illustrated through high-speed imaging from both front and side perspectives, revealing that droplet oscillation is critically influenced by the Weber number. Our work elucidates the impact dynamics of compound droplets on curved surfaces, providing pivotal insights into related thermal management, droplet printing, and coating fabrication applications.