3D modelling and aerodynamics analysis of an autonomous mini shuttle bus

Abstract

As the proliferation of autonomous driving vehicles continues, ensuring their safe operation under varying environmental conditions, particularly concerning mass transit autonomous buses, becomes imperative. However, the dynamic nature of factors such as wind speed poses a significant challenge. The fluctuating pressures exerted by wind on these vehicles mean that their operational safety is constantly influenced. Yet, equipping the vehicle with plenty of pressure sensors across its surface is impractical. In this study, we employed advanced 3D modeling techniques(Space Claim) to depict an autonomous mini shuttle bus and conducted comprehensive aerodynamic simulation analyses using Workbench software. This approach enabled us to accurately discern the changing pressures on the vehicle's surface under different wind speeds. Given the non-uniform pressure distribution on its surface, relying solely on plenty of pressure sensors would not only escalate costs but also complicate the manufacturing process. Therefore, we propose using a small number of anemometers to replace pressure sensors. Through meticulous simulation experiments, we obtained critical data indicating that at a surface wind speed of 15m/s, the generated pressure reaches a critical threshold, heightening the risk of safety incidents. In response to these findings, our study introduces an innovative human-vehicle interaction method integrating auditory, visual, and tactile elements. This approach not only effectively enhances safety but also mitigates the risk of widespread issues resulting from a single failure. Moreover, it accommodates diverse user groups, including individuals with hearing and visual impairments, aligning with evolving standards of human-vehicle interaction in automated systems.