Development of robotic laser engraving system

Abstract

CNC (short for Computer Numerical Control) machines are widely used around the world due to their many uses and functionality. However, as a lot of them are utilised for specific jobs, they tend to get very expensive. Such machines are suited for their respective purposes and are not modular. An example of a CNC machine is the SCARA (short for Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) robot. It is popular due to its accuracy at high speeds, yet it has a relatively low price point. SCARA robots generally can achieve tolerances lower than 10 microns [1]. They are also known to have one of the best repeatability performances compared to other robots. For the SCARA robot, it has 2 motors that can cause errors in the X-Y position, compared to 3 or more motors on other robots which will lead to higher chances of errors happening [2]. This project aims to provide an improved version of the SCARA robot different from the ones used in industries in terms of cost, modularity and how environmentally friendly it is. The prototype is built using mostly biodegradable materials, with an end effector that allows module changing. The prototype will have 2 versions, 1 with a drawing module for basic drawing with a pencil, and another module for laser engraving. This report will provide insight as to how the process of making a low-cost laser engraver with an Arduino was carried out, the resources used to achieve the final prototype, as well as how the robot was tested.