Miniaturizing the large hadron collider: review and analysis of particle accelerator technologies

Abstract

Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a high energy particle collider built by CERN in 1998 to allow physicist to test the predictions of different particle physics theories. The LHC primarily collides proton beams, but it can also accelerate in lead-lead collisions and proton -lead collisions. One of the majors discover were the discovery of Higgs Boson in 2012. Given the monumental achievements of LHC, yet its massive size of 27 kilometers in circumference and tremendous cost make it significantly challenging for future particle physics endeavors. In this project, past and present technologies of particle accelerator and future concepts are studied and reviewed, aimed at miniaturizing the LHC. The paper will discuss the background of particle accelerator, detailed studies of the different particle accelerator technologies available, followed by the component that make up a particle accelerator. Finally, this paper will provide a comprehensive overview of miniaturization strategies for particle accelerators, offering insights into some of the future concept available by implementing them with the current technologies.