Introduction

Abstract

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: The past few years have seen a dramatic chill in U.S.-China relations, which have plummeted to arguably their lowest point in the more than 50 years following the Nixon-era rapprochement. This complex breakdown stems from a potent mix of factors. First and foremost, it relates to the strategic rivalry between the two major powers. China’s economic and military rise has challenged U.S. global dominance, sparking fears of a new cold war. Friction points such as the South China Sea, Taiwan, and China’s Belt and Road Initiative have intensified competition. Second, the ideological clash between the two countries has become more salient. The United States and China have diverged sharply on human rights, censorship, and political values. U.S. criticism of Xinjiang, Hong Kong, and intellectual property theft has caused bitter resentment from China. Third, the Trump administration’s trade war, aimed at reducing the U.S. trade deficit, further strained economic ties. Tariffs and investment restrictions disrupted supply chains and fueled nationalist rhetoric on both sides. Fourth, the Covid-19 pandemic added fuel to the fire. Blame games over the virus’s origin and accusations of misinformation campaigns deepened distrust. And finally, domestic politics has had a significant negative impact on bilateral ties as well. Hard-liners in both countries have gained influence, pushing public opinion toward distrust and advocation of a firmer stance against the other.