Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10356/181536
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dc.contributor.authorSiburian, Riksonen_US
dc.contributor.authorTarigan, Keristaen_US
dc.contributor.authorManik, Yosia Gopas Oetamaen_US
dc.contributor.authorHutagalung, Fajaren_US
dc.contributor.authorAlias, Yatimahen_US
dc.contributor.authorChan, Yong Chingen_US
dc.contributor.authorChang, Boon Pengen_US
dc.contributor.authorSiow, Jonathanen_US
dc.contributor.authorOng, Amanda Jiaminen_US
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Jingfengen_US
dc.contributor.authorPaiman, Suriatien_US
dc.contributor.authorGoh, Boon Tongen_US
dc.contributor.authorSimatupang, Lisnawatyen_US
dc.contributor.authorGoei, Ronnen_US
dc.contributor.authorTok, Alfred Iing Yoongen_US
dc.contributor.authorYahya, Mohd Fakharul Zaman Rajaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBahfie, Fathanen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-09T01:17:45Z-
dc.date.available2024-12-09T01:17:45Z-
dc.date.issued2024-
dc.identifier.citationSiburian, R., Tarigan, K., Manik, Y. G. O., Hutagalung, F., Alias, Y., Chan, Y. C., Chang, B. P., Siow, J., Ong, A. J., Huang, J., Paiman, S., Goh, B. T., Simatupang, L., Goei, R., Tok, A. I. Y., Yahya, M. F. Z. R. & Bahfie, F. (2024). Converting candlenut shell waste into graphene for electrode applications. Processes, 12(8), 1544-. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12081544en_US
dc.identifier.issn2227-9717en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10356/181536-
dc.description.abstractGraphene was synthesized through a two-step pyrolysis method using waste candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus) shells as the precursor. Cerium (Ce)/graphene composites were prepared via an impregnation technique. The resulting graphene and Ce/graphene were characterized using various analytical methods, including Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV). The bio-carbon produced predominantly exhibited a graphene structure with flat carbon morphology and an interlayer distance of 0.33 nm. This structural information is supported by XRD data, which shows a broad and weak peak at 2θ = 26° corresponding to the C (002) plane, indicative of graphene presence. FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of graphene through the detection of Csp2 aromatic bonds and the characteristic D, G, and 2D peaks. Notably, the performance of cerium can be enhanced by the incorporation of graphene, attributed to the large surface area and chemical interactions between Ce and graphene. Consequently, candlenut-derived graphene shows potential as a supportive material for modifying the properties of cerium, due to the current value of Ce/Graphene increase with presence of graphene, thereby opening avenues for various advanced applications, such as sustainable and high-performance energy storage systems.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.relation.ispartofProcessesen_US
dc.rights© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).en_US
dc.subjectEngineeringen_US
dc.titleConverting candlenut shell waste into graphene for electrode applicationsen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen
dc.contributor.schoolSchool of Materials Science and Engineeringen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/pr12081544-
dc.description.versionPublished versionen_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85202444922-
dc.identifier.issue8en_US
dc.identifier.volume12en_US
dc.identifier.spage1544en_US
dc.subject.keywordsGrapheneen_US
dc.subject.keywordsCandlenut shellen_US
dc.description.acknowledgementThis research was funded by University of Sumatera Utara and DAPT-LPDP under the scheme Penelitian Aliansi Internasional–WCU grant number [SK Rektor USU, No. 3721/UN5.1.R/SK/PPM/2022].en_US
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