从华风渐被到声教南暨：新加坡百年华文旧体文学的发生与演进（1819-1919) = From gradual dissemination to flourishing: the emergence and evolution of classical Chinese literature in Singapore (1819–1919)

Abstract

自新加坡开埠以来，大批华人移民涌入，其中不乏文人雅士。他们在开荒拓土之余，注重文教，虽山陬海澨而家弦户诵，形成南洋地区的文化盛景。旧体诗歌、散文、小说等文学作品反映了先辈移民的生活境况、南洋风情及身份认同。目前学界多以白话文学为研究重点，笔者认为，为梳理新华文学史脉络，厘清其演变，有必要重新审视并纳入新加坡华文旧体文学，以构建新的文学史框架。 本文通过挖掘和分析现有资料，重返历史语境，以文本或个案为切入点，勾勒新加坡华文旧体文学的发生场域、生成过程及其推动因素的互动。本文强调从动态发展过程观照旧体文学，通过渊源与区域双重观照，分析新加坡文学创作中中国传统的再现与本土化的重构。 研究发现，《叻报》创刊前，新加坡已开始文学创作，且包括女性作家。《叻报》的出现标志着新加坡华文旧体文学公共传播平台的建构。在19世纪末至20世纪初，清末政局的动荡、南洋区域的文化交汇以及殖民地社会的多元图景，共同塑造了新加坡华文旧体文学的独特生态。文学作为各种文化力量的交汇点，在现代性、本土性与殖民性之间的张力中生发出丰富的创作图景。创作主体通过移植中国传统文学形式，表达对家国情怀的追忆、对社会动荡的反思及对新环境的适应。同时，新加坡文学场域的多元性和包容性，使华文旧体文学展现出独特的地方化特征，反映了中国传统文学与本地文化的交融。这些研究有助于深化对新华文学史的整体认知，补充其空白领域。 Since Singapore's founding, Chinese immigrants, including many literati, have fostered a rich cultural landscape through their dedication to education and traditional literature. Classical poetry, prose, and novels reflect their experiences, local customs, and identity. Current research prioritizes vernacular literature, but this study argues for the inclusion of classical Chinese literature to better trace the evolution of Singaporean Chinese literary history and construct a comprehensive framework. By analyzing historical texts and cases, this research explores the origins, development, and driving factors of classical Chinese literature in Singapore. It highlights the dynamic process of its transmission and adaptation, emphasizing both its Chinese roots and local transformation. Findings indicate that literary creation, including contributions from female writers, began before the establishment of Lat Pau. The newspaper's launch marked a pivotal platform for disseminating classical literature. At the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, the turbulence of the late Qing political landscape, the cultural confluence of the Nanyang region, and the diverse colonial society collectively shaped the unique ecology of Singaporean Chinese classical literature. Literature, as a convergence point of various cultural forces, thrived amidst the tensions between modernity, locality, and coloniality, generating a rich landscape of creative expression. This multicultural and inclusive literary environment led to a distinctive local adaptation of traditional Chinese literature, reflecting a unique blend of Chinese and local cultural elements. This study enhances the understanding of Singaporean Chinese literary history, addressing gaps in existing scholarship.