Atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants carbon monoxide and particulate matter around road intersections in Singapore

Abstract

The established CAL3QHC model for air pollution modeling of carbon monoxide (CO)and particulate matter (PM)is studied to examine its applicability for use under Singapore environmental settings. To date, the CAL3QHC model is the best one to predict air pollutant CO concentration and is able to predict PM concentration in the atmosphere at road intersections under North American settings. However, the model has not been applied to predict CO and PM concentrations in a metropolitan country that is near the equator such as Singapore, which has predominantly unstable tropical climatic conditions, with high humidity level, high rainfall, warm weather and variable wind directions throughout the year.