Voltage reference circuits for low voltage applications

Abstract

Two current mode CMOS voltage reference circuits were designed in this project. These two circuits were constructed using two different processes: the Austria Micro Systems (AMS) 0.6 ?m and AMI Semiconductor (AMIS) 0.5 ?m technologies. The proximity of threshold voltages of the MOSFET transistors (0.85 V in AMS 0.6 ?m and 1 V in AMIS 0.5 ?m) to the supply voltage had created challenging problems to the low voltage (< 1.2 V) circuits.