Behavior of hollow steel stub-columns in-filled with green concrete incorporating ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS)

Abstract

Environmental friendly approaches had been widely adopted around the world in many industries. Construction industry is well known to be one of the industries producing tons of green house gases to the atmosphere and concrete is one of them. Hydration process of cement concrete emits a sizeable amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere contributed to the global warming effect. Thus, green concrete is encouraged to be used to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and Ground Granular Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is one of the products used to replace cement.Besides being a recycle material, GGBS as by-product of iron making industry could greatly reduced the emission of carbon dioxide emission of concrete as well as the embodied energy of concrete. Although it claimed to be improving the strength of concrete due to its secondary hydration, there are still some uncertainties such as the relationship of replacement ratio with the hydration rate of concrete and the performance in a composite steel structure.