Democracies and effective climate change migration - an Indonesian case study.

Abstract

The central question that this thesis seeks to examine is why democracies cannot effectively mitigate climate change. It does so by employing a comprehensive study on the weaknesses of implementing democratic features - particularly a free and transparent market system - in mitigating carbon emissions in Indonesia. Literature on democracies suggests that the democracies are the best polity to address environmental issues. Its principles of freedom of expression and association allow for multi-stakeholder participation, while freedom of information and freedom to vote ensures accountability and transparency in the system. However, research has also shown that leading democracies in the world - such as the United States and European Union member states - still falter in effectively mitigating their carbon emissions.