Localized scour downstream of unsubmerged non-full flowing triangular culvert outlet

Abstract

Scour is a hydraulic engineering problem that is detrimental to hydraulic structure located near the culvert outlet. The dimensions of scour depend on the culvert shape, water flow characteristic, downstream condition of the culvert, and downstream bed properties. However, a generic scour dimension equation that relates all these parameters has not been established because the equations from previous studies are not applicable for data that were not included in the derivation of these equations.