Metering/payment/control system for EV-ll : communication network and system design

Abstract

The introduction of EV has been increasing popular in recent years because of the fear of air pollution and the threats of global warming. Studies have shown that a large majority of greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon monoxide (70%-90%) and nitrogen oxide (45%-50%) in urban cities comes from the transportation sector alone. In recent years, the transportation industries have been developing new technologies for vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In 2008, the world‟s first affordable zero emission vehicle was introduced on the roads by car automaker, Nissan.