Stressors and coping at work : what influences how we feel and what we do?

Abstract

This paper discusses the variables that influence individuals’ cognitive appraisals of the stress process. Specifically, occupational stress research has highlighted the relationship

between cognitive appraisal and the perception of stressors and coping strategies employed. However, existing literature remains unclear as to what influences individuals’ cognitive appraisals. Utilizing the transactional model of stress proposed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), this paper explores and ascertains that individual differences (socioeconomic status, gender, Type A/B, and self-efficacy) and environmental characteristics (situation-dependent control and social support) influence the cognitive appraisal of stressors and coping strategies. Implications of current findings emphasize the need for more research to investigate possible variables which influence cognitive appraisals. Finally, in line with the existing research, individual-focused and workplace-focused interventions are recommended to help employees modify their cognitive appraisals in relation to job stressors.