“平靜”的情感境界 ： 以《莊子》的情感詞彙為研究對象 = “Peace of mind” as an emotional realm : a study of emotional vocabulary in the Zhuangzi

Abstract

目前學界對於莊子的“情感”有無問題一直爭論不休，大部分學者根據《莊子》原文字句的解讀，再賦予自己的詮釋，以理解“有情”“無情”問題。其中最具代表性的莊子情感主張是“無情說”與“至情說”。筆者認為，莊子的情感觀對其哲學觀有着直接影響，所以對莊子的情感觀作深入探討有其研究價值。而想要有效解決莊子情感問題的矛盾，可以從“情感”本身着手，重新釐清“莊子情感”定義。因此，本文將以《莊子》為主要考察對象，對莊子在思想表達中所使用有關“平靜”範疇的情感詞彙加以整理與分析，從中探討其存在意義。《莊子》中有關這類範疇的情感詞彙數量龐大，可見其背後蘊藏著豐富且複雜的情感表達。筆者將據此研究確立“平靜”的情感地位，進一步以“平靜”來作為莊子最高思想的理解，並實踐到莊子情感議題上，填補莊子整體思想概念中的主要矛盾與空缺部分。筆者將分別針對莊子“有情、無情”及“至樂無樂”等議題展開討論，期望以“平靜”來貫穿莊子思想，使人們不再執著於“有情”或“無情”的對立之中，進而對莊子思想有更全面的理解。There is a diversity of opinions among the scholars who have mentioned or talked about the term of “emotion” in Zhuangzi. We know that the central question of “emotion” is about Zhuangzi’s philosophical interpretation of youqing (affection) and wuqing (disaffection). The current Chinese thoughts and philosophy studies have been using traditional method of textual research and argumentation analysis. Therefore, this paper hopes to re-examine Zhuangzi’s qing from a different perspective and method, which is focusing and analyzing all the emotional vocabularies in Zhuangzi. Results showed that there are a huge number of emotional vocabularies that are related to the category of “peace of mind”, and what is actually contained in the Zhuangzi is the profound and meaningful term “emotion”. Considering the results of this paper and following Zhuangzi’s philosophy way, we hopes to clarify a variety of biases from the various understandings about the “emotion” of Zhuangzi, such as the topics of youqing, wuqing and zhilewule (the greatest happiness is to have none). We attempt to make a comprehensive and reasonable interpretation about Zhuangzi’s “emotion”. This paper hopes that the research method deployed and observations made could result in the re-assessing of Zhuangzi’s “emotion” and possibly the reflection of the study on his entire ideological system.