Evaluation of key indexes and characteristics of lithium-ion battery for management in the building smart grid applications

Abstract

Energy storage has been considered as an imperative enabling technology to improve the energy sustainability in the traditional building power grids. Among all the energy storage techniques, Li-ion based rechargeable batteries are recognized to be the most promising solution, due to their outperformed performance such as high gravimetric and volumetric energy density, great cycle life, enhanced safety and low self-discharge rate. With the increasing vehicle-to-grid synergy and renewable energy sources imports, Li-ion batteries are positioned uniquely to act a crucial role. Despite the remarkable progress achieved in the material and chemistry of Li-ion batteries, that battery systems are always oversized and underused still remains a problem, i.e., 20%-40% excess energy and capacity was idle, and evoking superfluous weight and volume augment, as well as purchasing costs. Attenuation of this conservatism has necessitated and efficient and intelligent battery management system (BMS), where the key indexes, e.g., state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), state of energy (SOE), are monitored precisely on the fly. In particular, proper BMSs facilitate avoiding premature battery failure and catastrophic hazards, and therefore enhancing the durability, efficiency, and reliability of Li-ion battery systems. Motivation of this research work is to scrutinize and to achieve a holistic understanding of the characteristics and electrical behaviors of Li-ion type battery utilized as energy storage applications in the building environment, and the overall challenge the author trying to solve is to design and develop an intelligent and efficient battery management system for Li-ion batteries used as energy storage devices in the building environment, thus propelling the thriving development of the energy sustainability as a pivotal pillar. In the past three years’ research, characteristics of the Li-ion batteries such as the energy efficiency, modelling, estimations of SOC, SOE, SOH, and instantaneous terminal voltage responses were studied. Additionally, the author also paid attention to fast charging technique of Li-ion batteries as an emerging technology.