Exploring differences in managerial values : a cross-national study of chinese managers in China, America and Singapore.

Abstract

This study seeks to investigate the personal value systems of Chinese managers across three nations - the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC), the United States of America (USA) and Republic of Singapore. Four Western-developed measures (namely Machiavellianism, dogmatism, locus of control, intolerance of ambiguity) and the four dimensions of the Eastern-developed Chinese Value Survey (namely Integration, Confucian dynamism, human-heartedness and moral discipline) were the measures used to operationalize this investigation. It is therefore suggested that environmental factors act as a moderating role, which adjusts the cultural impact in the formation of the manager's personal value systems. In addition, the often clustering of the Chinese culture-based countries due to their cultural homogeneity is inappropriate.