翻译与审查 ：以《银河护卫队》官方与网络字幕版本中的三俗语翻译为例 = Censorship in translation : a case study of vulgar words in official and fansub subtitling of Guardians of the Galaxy

Abstract

近些年，中国将大量好莱坞电影引进国内电影市场，这些电影也广受人们的喜爱。然而，伴随着电影爱好者英语水平的提高，人们也逐渐将焦点转移至官方翻译并制做的字幕准确性上。而在近五年公映的好莱坞电影中，贾秀琰所翻译的《银河护卫队》（Guardians of the Galaxy）刚一公映便引发社会各界巨大争议，而她本人也因此被推至舆论的风口浪尖。不少网民开始质疑其翻译能力，甚至认为贾秀琰翻译的不如民间字幕组译的生动和准确。 为探究官方译制字幕的质量，本文将选取《银河护卫队》作为个案研究，以定性与定量研究相结合的方法探究贾秀琰作为译者的官方字幕版与人人影视字幕组版字幕的质量与区别。同时，本文还将结合网络和书上关于贾秀琰与人人影视字幕组译者的采访资料，来了解官方与字幕组的工作机制。同时，《银河护卫队》里充斥着不少粗俗话语，但却极具娱乐价值。然而，在字幕翻译和官方意识形态的制约下，译者必须将其省略或委婉译出。本文也将通过个案分析，探讨中国电影审查制度在字幕翻译中发挥的作用，以此来分析官方译制的字幕为何总是屡遭不满。 在考察及对比了官方与字幕组译制系统后，可看出官方译者在很大程度上受到现行电影审查制度以及中国意识形态的制约。从勒菲弗尔“改写理论”的角度出发，意识形态和专业人士会对译者造成影响。因此，官方译者的作品无法完全反映其自身水平，也不应承担所有指责。同时，鉴于官方译制过程中缺乏有效的校对环节，且留给译者的工作时间十分有限，译者想要在这样的大环境中翻译出高质量的字幕，可谓是难上加难。

Over the years, China has imported a large number of Hollywood movies, and these movies have been attracting thousands of Chinese movie lovers each year. Nowadays people are keeping their eyes on the quality of the subtitles. Jia Xiuyan, who translated the Marvel blockbuster movie Guardians of the Galaxy, has triggered a lot of debates amongst Chinese netizens. Many people question her ability as an official subtitle translator, and some even say that the fansub translators are doing much better than she is.

To determine the rationality of netizen’s criticism towards Jia Xiuyan, this case study is focused on Guardians of the Galaxy, and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate the quality of the official subtitling. Nevertheless, according to the interview of Jia Xiuyan and translators from fansub, and try to solve the problem of why does the Chinese official subtitling of Hollywood films are often heavily criticized Chinese netizens.

It is evident that the translation produced by official translator is acutely restrained by the current official subtitling system. Also, Lefevere’s theory of “translation as rewriting” suggests that ideology and professionals can exert a great influence on the choices which made by translators, Jia Xiuyan’s translation cannot really reflect her ability as a translator in this case.