清末女性解放运动的厌女症研究 = Feminism in China : an analysis of misogyny in the feminism movement in late Qing dynasty

Abstract

甲午战争刺激下维新思潮兴起，知识分子视传统女性为衰败国家的符号象征，认为二万万女性无一生利者，提出解放女性、兴女学、废缠足等观念，以求“变法求强”、“强国保种”，并塑造出有学识和教养，能“益家善种”的“国民之母”的新女性形象。这些知识分子将国家衰弱的原因归结于女性的衰弱，正是受厌女文化的意识形态所影响。 本文将首先定义厌女并讨论传统的“红颜祸水”的观念。接着解读倡导妇女解放运动的知识分子所提出的主张和主要诉求，以男性和女性文人的视角为焦点，探讨其中所表现出的“厌女症”和父权主义思想。最后，本文将试图厘清厌女文化与妇女解放运动的关系，进一步讨论男性在解放妇女运动中所扮演的倡导者的角色。 Following the defeat of China in the Sino-Japanese War, reform-minded Chinese intellectuals showed their concerns on the women’s liberation as the women are the cause to the failure of the country. That contributes to the women’s movement in China where they supported women’s education, opposed to foot-binding by the reason of strengthening the country. Women are important, as they are the ‘mother of a nation’ who play a main role in rearing of the future generations. These views in fact demonstrated an ideology of misogyny. This paper will first define misogyny and discuss the Chinese femme fatale then evaluate the misogyny and patriarchal ideology that have been manifested in the notions of the scholars from the perspectives of both male and female. Lastly, we will analyse the relationship between misogyny and women’s movement, and further discuss the male-dominance in the women’s movement.