Examining Asian Women’s Motivations to Undergo Breast Cancer Screening

Abstract

Purpose: This study utilizes Protection Motivation Theory as a theoretical framework to predict women’s intentions to go for mammogram screening in Singapore, a country with the highest incidence of breast cancer in Asia. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire centered on the theoretical predictive model of early detection behavior was developed to examine the hypothesized relationships. Data was collected from Singaporean women between 40 to 69 years of age. The data was analyzed using hierarchical regression. Results: Amongst all predictors tested, we found that Perceived Severity influences protection motivation (Beta=.346, p=.033), whereas Perceived Vulnerability has little effect on protection motivation (Beta= .075, p=. 355). There is also a significant relationship between Self-Efficacy and protection intention (Beta= .373, p<.001). However, contrary to expectations, neither Response Cost (Beta=.136, p=.101) nor Physical Cost (Beta=-.051, p=-.036) was related to protection intention. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that coping appraisal variables are more significantly associated with protection motivation than threat appraisal variables. In particular, self-efficacy was found to be the strongest predictor of breast cancer screening intentions, whereas response cost and physical cost were found to have little effect. This implies that breast cancer screening motivators should communicate the ease of undergoing the procedure and other confidence building messages. Implications for health education and policy are discussed.