拉奥孔新解：痛苦还是幸福——从马斯洛的“自我实现”论和“高峰体验”说看拉奥孔 = Woeful or blissful--an alternative interpretation of Laocoon

Abstract

长期以来，人们对古希腊神话中的著名人物拉奥孔的讨论过多地放在了对其所遭受的巨大的肉体痛苦或他的雕塑的外部表情所体现出来的痛苦形象等外在表征上，从而将”拉奥孔”作为痛苦或者承担痛苦的代名词。但对他内心世界的探索却是个不容忽视的课题。我们不禁要问：拉奥孔的内心世界是否一如其肉体一般同样承受着痛苦的煎熬？他的外部表情所体现出来的痛苦是否就代表了他内心世界的真实感受？他在巨蟒缠身，行将死亡之际,究竟是怎样的一种心境？文章运用马斯洛的”自我实现”论和”高峰体验”说剖析了拉奥孔当时的内心世界。Laokoon is a famous figure in the myth of ancient Greece. For a long time, people have been paying an excessive attention to the corporeal pain that he suffers and the painful appearance shown by his statue, and regarding him as a symbol of pain or suffering, while ignoring the search for his psychology. We wonder whether Laokoon feels painful in his soul as well as his body, whether his painful appearance is on behalf of his feeling in the heart, and what his true frame of mind is when he is facing death. This paper discusses Laokoon’s psychology by using the theories of self-actualization and peak-experience of Abraham H. Maslom, the famous American psychologist and philosopher.