Nano gives the answer : breaking the bottleneck of internal concentration polarization with a nanofiber composite forward osmosis membrane for a high water production rate

Abstract

Scaffold-like nanofiber support layers are fabricated with an interconnected pore structure, which is superior to conventional phase-inversion support layers with tortuous sponge-like structures. This successfully breaks the intrinsic bottleneck of internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis (FO) membranes and results in a high water production rate and energy savings.